Who did the math first
TRPG is a perspective built on other people's work. This page lists every section of the full record that rests on someone else's original math, with their names and the years the record gives.
The names and years are copied from the record's own text and its Credits list. Nothing was added from outside. Where a section names someone but no year, the table says "year not stated in the record". Sections marked Own idea are Matthew and Melissa Gelfman's own ideas. Sections marked Own idea built on others' math are theirs, standing on the earlier work named beside them. Each section name links to its place in the full record. For the numbers behind each result, see The math, step by step.
Sections of the full record
Part 1 chapters A to J, then Chapter K (K1 to K10), Chapter M (M0 to M18) and Chapter P (P1 to P5).
| Section | What is used | Original authors and year(s), as the record states them | Whose |
|---|---|---|---|
| A1 Relationships, not things | The ratio of inside to outside connection strength as the definition of an object | Carlo Rovelli (1996, relational quantum mechanics); Alfred North Whitehead (process philosophy; year not stated in the record) | Own idea built on others' math |
| A2 Change comes first | Laws written as rates of change (d/dt); a state as a slice through change | No author is named in this item (year not stated in the record) | Own idea |
| A3 Geometry is the core | Gravity as geometry; particles as ripples in fields | Einstein (gravity made into geometry; year not stated in the record in this item, see Credits) | Own idea built on others' math |
| A4 Particle and wave | Wave-particle duality, lambda = h / p | Accepted quantum mechanics; no author is named in this item (year not stated in the record) | Others' math |
| B1 Mass is trapped energy | Mass = trapped energy / c squared; proton mass from lattice QCD | CERN (statement; year not stated in the record); lattice QCD (2008 onward; no authors named) | Others' math |
| B2 Heat and light have mass | Extra mass = extra energy / c squared | Einstein (1905) | Others' math |
| B3 Containment duality | Compactness C = GM/(Rc^2); the TOV star equations; the Buchdahl limit 4/9 | Einstein (gravity; year not stated in this item); Tolman, Oppenheimer and Volkoff (1939, per Credits); Buchdahl (1959, per K9 and Credits) | Own idea built on others' math |
| B4 Gravity from clumping | Newton's pull = G M m / r squared | Newton (year not stated in the record); Jacobson (1995) and Van Raamsdonk (2010) for the deeper claim (C2) | Others' math |
| C1 Gravity as negative energy | Zero-energy universe | Edward Tryon (1973); Stephen Hawking and others (year not stated in the record) | Own idea built on others' math |
| C2 Entanglement chains | Einstein's gravity equation from heat-and-information rules; entanglement and space | Ted Jacobson (1995); Mark Van Raamsdonk (2010) | Own idea built on others' math |
| C3 Conservation in a closed bag | A closed system conserves energy | No author is named in this item (year not stated in the record) | Others' math |
| D1 Entanglement as one thing | E(a,b) = -cos(a-b); Bell's theorem; ER = EPR | Bell (1964, per M12); experiments honoured by the 2022 Nobel Prize (Aspect 1982, Clauser and Zeilinger per M12); Juan Maldacena and Leonard Susskind (2013) | Own idea built on others' math |
| D2 Every path | Feynman's path sum, add e^(iS/hbar) over every path | Feynman (year not stated in the record in this item) | Others' math |
| E1 Space as liquid | Space as a superfluid; vacuum energy | Grigory Volovik, The Universe in a Helium Droplet (2003) | Own idea built on others' math |
| E2 Thick and thin space (fails) | Tired-light idea, checked against supernovae and the CMB | No author is named in this item (year not stated in the record); the idea fails as a replacement for expansion | Own idea |
| E3 The web came first | Standard growth of the cosmic web from tiny ripples | No author is named in this item (year not stated in the record) | Own idea |
| E4 Dark matter and dark energy | Missing ordinary gas found by fast radio bursts; Bullet Cluster | Macquart and others (2020, Nature); Bullet Cluster (2006; Clowe and others per Credits) | Own idea built on others' math |
| F1 The big bang as release | Bounce cosmology; universe inside a black hole | Nikodem Popławski (2010) | Own idea built on others' math |
| F2 The spiral | Hot early universe forms heavier particles first; helium abundance | No author is named in this item (year not stated in the record); the spiral-angle formula is Matthew and Melissa's own attempt and fails for individual masses | Own idea |
| G1-G2 Particle numbers and eigen-equations | x = log10(m / m_proton); M_ij = 2 cosh S_ij; hydrogen (Schrödinger); lattice QCD; Regge-Wheeler ringing; Bekenstein-Mukhanov area ladder; Schur or Feshbach reduction | Bekenstein and Mukhanov (1995); LIGO (2015 detection); Schrödinger, Regge, Wheeler, Schur, Feshbach (year not stated in the record); the 12-particle idea and the formulas are Matthew and Melissa's recollection of their own original work | Own idea built on others' math |
| Chapter H Time, light, dimensions | Time as geometry; light cones; OPERA neutrino result | Hermann Minkowski (1908); OPERA (2011, withdrawn) | Own idea built on others' math |
| Chapter I Other pictures | Three forms of quantum mechanics agree; Occam's razor | Feynman (year not stated in the record in this chapter) | Own idea built on others' math |
| J1 Bands and group theory | Log-mass bands; random-set comparison; combinatorics and group theory | Matthew and Melissa's idea of band ranges; the test run was done by this project on 13 Nov 2026 | Own idea |
| J2 Mass is non-flow energy | E^2 = (pc)^2 + (mc^2)^2 | Einstein (year not stated in the record in this item) | Own idea built on others' math |
| J3 Bands give the forces | No equation yet | Matthew and Melissa's idea; no earlier author named | Own idea |
| J4 Space has a high natural resistance | Unified dark fluid models, the Chaplygin gas family | No authors named (year not stated in the record) | Own idea built on others' math |
| J5 One central particle | Neutron star as one giant nucleus; equation of state decides collapse | No authors named (year not stated in the record) | Own idea |
| J6 Correction: in the original theory | Matthew and Melissa's own note | Matthew and Melissa Gelfman (13 Nov 2026) | Own idea |
| J7 The Sun's central particle | Helioseismology; solar neutrinos; 'Hawking stars' | Borexino (2014 and 2020); Bellinger and others (2023) | Own idea built on others' math |
| J8 Scale groups | Preon models | Pati and Salam (1974); Harari (1979) | Own idea built on others' math |
| J9 Opposing pairs | Pair production; two-photon matter production; annihilation; supersymmetry | Breit-Wheeler process seen by the STAR experiment (2021); supersymmetry (no authors or year named) | Own idea built on others' math |
| K1 Neutron stars: the TOV table | MIT bag model equation of state p = (e - 4B)/3; strange quark stars; Farhi-Jaffe window; TOV solver check with SLy | Chodos, Jaffe, Johnson, Thorn and Weisskopf (1974); Witten (1984); Farhi and Jaffe (1984); Tolman, Oppenheimer and Volkoff (1939); measurements: PSR J0740+6620 timing teams, NICER, GW170817 (years not stated in this section) | Own idea built on others' math |
| K2 Neutron stars: tidal numbers | Love number and tidal deformability method | Hinderer (2008); GW170817 merger (2017) | Others' math |
| K3 The proton's containment balance | Bag-model balance mass = 4 B volume; cloudy bag models | Thomas, Théberge and Miller (1980s) | Own idea built on others' math |
| K4 The Cabibbo angle | Cabibbo angle = sqrt(m_d / m_s) | Gatto, Sartori and Tonin (1968); Cabibbo (1963, per Credits) | Others' math |
| K5 Every particle to every particle | Data table built by this project from measured values (CKM numbers, charges, couplings) | Matthew and Melissa's idea of the table; measured values: Particle Data Group (year not stated in this section); CKM: Cabibbo (1963), Kobayashi and Maskawa (1973) per Credits | Own idea |
| K6 Each particle's scale view | Large-number coincidences; Weinberg's relation mass = (hbar^2 H0 / G c)^(1/3) | Eddington (1930s); Dirac (1937); Weinberg (1972) | Own idea built on others' math |
| K7 Lepton masses (Koide) | Koide relation Q = 2/3; the 45 degree reading; the 120 degree circle form with delta = 2/9 | Koide (1981); Foot (1994); Brannen (2006) | Others' math |
| K8 Gemini's proton results checked | von Laue pressure balance; D-term; measured proton pressure; bag-model D-term | von Laue (1911, per Credits); Polyakov (2003); Burkert, Elouadrhiri and Girod (2018); Neubelt, Schweitzer and others (2020) | Own idea built on others' math |
| K9 Black hole ringdown | Kerr ringdown; echoes; Buchdahl limit; instability results; photon sphere ringing | Abedi, Dykaar and Afshordi (2017); Westerweck and others (2018); Buchdahl (1959); Chandrasekhar (1964); Harrison, Thorne, Wakano and Wheeler (1965); Friedman (1978); Cardoso and others (2008); Goebel (1972); Cardoso and others (2009). Matthew and Melissa's correction (no echoes) is their own | Own idea built on others' math |
| K10 Antiparticle matrices and decay rates | PDG branching fractions; Fermi theory of muon decay; tau lifetime from the muon through S | Particle Data Group (2024); Fermi (1934, per Credits). The relational tau formula uses Matthew and Melissa's S | Own idea built on others' math |
| M0 The V43 scaffold | Einstein-Hilbert gravity, gauge fields, Dirac matter, Yukawa and Higgs couplings | Einstein and Hilbert (1915); Yang and Mills (1954); Dirac (1928); Yukawa (1935); Higgs (1964) | Others' math |
| M1 The containment potential V(P) | Soliton-bag potential V(P) = (lambda/4) v^4 (P^2 - 1)^2; glueball mass; QCD vacuum energy | Friedberg and Lee (1977); Morningstar and Peardon (1999); Chen and others (2006); Shifman, Vainshtein and Zakharov (1979). The baseline-resistance idea is Matthew and Melissa's (13 Nov 2026) | Own idea built on others' math |
| M2 The mass couplings Y | Circulant square-root-mass matrix; neutrino splittings; neutrino mass limit; ordering | Koide (1981, 1983); Foot (1994); Brannen (2006); NuFIT 6.0 (2024); DESI (2025); JUNO (running since 2025) | Own idea built on others' math |
| M3 The layer metric G_AB | Scale-fair distance ds = dm/(2m); log-scale running of masses | Gell-Mann and Low (1954); Wilson (1971). S = 1/2 ln(m_i/m_j) is Matthew and Melissa's | Own idea built on others' math |
| M4 Scorecard against Chapter L | Conservation laws from symmetry | Noether (1918, per Credits) | Own idea built on others' math |
| M5 Space as crossing waves | Saddle from z = cos x + cos y; Gauss-Bonnet; Morse counting; analog gravity; flatness | Unruh (1981); Barceló, Liberati and Visser (2005); Gauss and Bonnet (years not stated); Morse (year not stated); Planck collaboration (2018). The crossing-wave idea is Matthew and Melissa's, written down 14 Nov 2026 | Own idea built on others' math |
| M6 Quarks, a hint | Linked-triples method applied to quark masses | Rivero (2011); Rodejohann and Zhang (2011) | Others' math |
| M7 Energy spreading through resistance | Refractive index n = 1 + 2GM/(rc^2); radar delay; Bloch bands; Anderson localization | Eddington (1920); Gordon (1923); Shapiro (1964), the Viking team (1979), Bertotti, Iess and Tortora (Cassini, 2003); Bloch (1928); Kronig and Penney (1931); Anderson (1958). The cause-of-the-waves idea is Matthew and Melissa's (14 Nov 2026) | Own idea built on others' math |
| M8 The cosmos (T4) | Universe compactness; cosmological constant problem; neutrinos and dark energy; DESI hint | Pathria (1972); Popławski (2010); Fardon, Nelson and Weiner (2004); DESI collaboration (2024 to 2025) | Own idea built on others' math |
| M9 The factor 2 | Scalar, time-only and tensor resistance; spin-2 uniqueness; Cassini gamma | Nordström (1913); Soldner (1801); Einstein (1915); Feynman (Lectures on Gravitation, 1962-63); Weinberg (1964); Deser (1970); Eddington (1922) and Will (1971) for the gamma measure; Cassini result (year not stated in this section) | Others' math |
| M10 Gravity's other two properties | Graviton mass limit; Goldstone modes; Weinberg-Witten limit; acoustic geometry; equivalence principle; Sakharov stiffness | LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (2021); Goldstone (1961); Weinberg and Witten (1980); Unruh (1981); Visser (1998); MICROSCOPE team (2022); Sakharov (1967) | Own idea built on others' math |
| M11 The expansion equation | Friedmann equation H^2 = (8 pi G / 3) x contents | Friedmann (1922); Lemaître (1927); Planck collaboration (curvature limit; year not stated in this section). The full-bag picture is Matthew and Melissa's | Own idea built on others' math |
| M12 Entanglement and uncertainty | Uncertainty as a wave theorem; entanglement as the characteristic trait; Bell tests | Schrödinger (1935); Heisenberg (1927); Bohr (1928); Bohm (1952); Bell (1964); Aspect (1982); Clauser and Zeilinger (Nobel 2022 with Aspect) | Others' math |
| M13 Where the theory stands | The record's own scorecard | No outside authors beyond those in M9 to M12 | Own idea |
| M14 Gravity as a byproduct of entanglement | Einstein's equations from the entanglement area law; Ryu-Takayanagi; ER = EPR; black hole entropy | Jacobson (1995, 2016); Ryu and Takayanagi (2006); Van Raamsdonk (2010); Maldacena and Susskind (2013); Bekenstein (1973); Hawking (1975); Sakharov (stiffness; see M10, 1967). The line 'gravity is accidental as a result of entanglement' is Matthew and Melissa's | Own idea built on others' math |
| M15 The universe as one web | Decoherence; small-world networks; tensor networks; monogamy of entanglement | Zeh (1970); Joos and Zeh (1985); Zurek (1981, 2003); Karinthy (1929); Milgram (1967); Watts and Strogatz (1998); Swingle (2012); Coffman, Kundu and Wootters (2000); Schrödinger (1935) | Own idea built on others' math |
| M16 Touching particles, area law, charges | ER = EPR; traversable wormholes; area law; anomaly cancellation | Maldacena and Susskind (2013); Gao, Jafferis and Wall (2017); Bombelli, Koul, Lee and Sorkin (1986); Srednicki (1993); Geng and Marshak (1989); Minahan, Ramond and Warner (1990) | Own idea built on others' math |
| M17 Final scorecard | Jacobson's thermodynamic assumptions underlie the T1 chain | Jacobson (1995); see M14 | Own idea built on others' math |
| M18 The last two open problems | Four division algebras; forces from octonions; the Standard Model from geometry | Hurwitz (1898); Dixon (1994); Furey (2018); Todorov and Dubois-Violette (2018); Connes and Chamseddine (1996 to 2007) | Others' math |
| P1 The master equation in full | Each term is the earlier named work in M0, M1, M2, M14 and M16 | See those rows (Einstein and Hilbert 1915, Yang and Mills 1954, Dirac 1928, Friedberg and Lee 1977, Koide 1981, Brannen 2006, Jacobson 1995). The way the terms are pinned is Matthew and Melissa's framework | Own idea built on others' math |
| P2 Quark masses at one energy | Two-loop QCD running of quark masses | Tarrach, Chetyrkin and Vermaseren and co-workers (year not stated in the record) | Others' math |
| P3 The force shapes | The algebra C x H x O; division-algebra route | Furey (2018, per M18); Hurwitz (1898) | Others' math |
| P4 Gravity tightened | Entanglement contributions to the strength of gravity | Jacobson (1994); Susskind and Uglum (1994) | Others' math |
| P5 The 2/9 twist and the 1/sqrt 2 link | Phase delta = 2/9 from the data; the compact reading (2/3)/3 is a conjecture | Brannen (2006) for delta = 2/9. The reading 2/9 = (2/3)/3 is this project's conjecture | Own idea built on others' math |
| Q1 The Sun: a leaking singularity | Builds on J7 and K9; no new equation | No new outside author is named in Q1. It rests on J7 (Borexino 2014 and 2020; Bellinger and others 2023) and K9 (Buchdahl 1959). The clarification is Matthew's own, in his words | Own idea |
| Q2 The full math, rerun | Data sources and corrections: Planck age; tau lifetime as lepton universality; Cabibbo relation; colours and anomalies; pion couplings; flavour-changing suppression | Gatto, Sartori and Tonin (1968); Fermi, lepton universality (year not stated in the record); Chew and Low (1956); Bär and Wiese (2001); Glashow, Iliopoulos and Maiani (1970); data: PDG 2024, CODATA 2018, Planck 2018, NuFIT 6.0, DESI DR2 (years as stated in Q2) | Others' math |
| Q3 B set by the proton | Cloudy bag model; centre-of-mass correction; the 1975 bag fit as a check | Théberge, Thomas and Miller (1980); Donoghue and Johnson (1980); DeGrand, Jaffe, Johnson and Kiskis (1975). The use of the proton and Delta masses to set B is Matthew and Melissa's | Own idea built on others' math |
| Q4 Neutron stars with nothing adjusted | Strong-force push a4 = 1 − 2 alpha_s/pi; colour superconductivity (quark pairing) | Freedman and McLerran (1977); Fraga, Pisarski and Schaffner-Bielich (2001); Alford, Braby, Paris and Reddy (2005); Alford, Rajagopal and Wilczek (1998); Rapp, Schäfer, Shuryak and Velkovsky (1998). The pairing-gap prediction is Matthew and Melissa's | Own idea built on others' math |
| Q5 Quark masses: one idea tested and failed | Lepton relational form r^2 = (3Q − 1)/2 applied to quark sectors | Koide (1981); Brannen (2006) for the lepton form (K7). The tested idea is Matthew and Melissa's; it fails and is dropped | Own idea |
| Q6 Corrected scorecard | The record's own scorecard; T1 rests on Jacobson's argument | Jacobson (1995); see M14. No new outside author | Own idea |
Results and master-equation terms
The home-page results table, the neutrino prediction, and each term of the master equation, with the earlier work each one uses.
| Section | What is used | Original authors and year(s), as the record states them | Whose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Home table: proton containment strength B from the proton and Delta masses | Cloudy bag model; centre-of-mass correction; 1975 bag fit as a check | Théberge, Thomas and Miller (1980); Donoghue and Johnson (1980); DeGrand, Jaffe, Johnson and Kiskis (1975) | Others' math |
| Prediction: quark pairing gap of 70 to 90 MeV in neutron-star cores | Colour superconductivity | Alford, Rajagopal and Wilczek (1998); Rapp, Schäfer, Shuryak and Velkovsky (1998). The prediction of the gap is Matthew and Melissa's | Own idea built on others' math |
| Home table: bending of starlight by the Sun, 1.752 arcsec | Light in gravity as refraction; Einstein's value | Eddington (1920); Gordon (1923); Einstein (1915, per M9) | Others' math |
| Home table: age of the universe, 13.79 billion years | Friedmann equation | Friedmann (1922); Lemaître (1927) | Others' math |
| Home table: heaviest neutron star 2.07 solar masses; 11.4 km radius | MIT bag equation of state; TOV equations | Chodos, Jaffe, Johnson, Thorn and Weisskopf (1974); Tolman, Oppenheimer and Volkoff (1939) | Others' math |
| Home table: electron, muon and tau masses from one scale | Koide relation and its circle form | Koide (1981); Foot (1994); Brannen (2006) | Others' math |
| Home table: Cabibbo angle from quark masses | sqrt(m_d / m_s) | Gatto, Sartori and Tonin (1968) | Others' math |
| Home table: tau lifetime from the muon, 289.7 fs | Fermi theory for the muon; the e^(-10 S) relation uses Matthew and Melissa's S | Fermi (1934); the relation itself is Matthew and Melissa's (K10) | Own idea built on others' math |
| Home table: quark charges and three colours | Anomaly cancellation | Geng and Marshak (1989); Minahan, Ramond and Warner (1990) | Others' math |
| Home table: black hole ringdown (GW150914) | Kerr ringdown | Kerr (1963); Vishveshwara and Teukolsky (1970s); Berti, Cardoso and Will (2006); LIGO measurement of GW150914 | Others' math |
| Neutrino prediction: normal ordering, 0.36, 8.7, 50.1 meV | The lepton rule applied to NuFIT splittings | Brannen (2006); NuFIT collaboration (2024); DESI collaboration (2025); JUNO collaboration | Own idea built on others' math |
| Equation term: gravity (c^4 / 16 pi G) R | Einstein-Hilbert action; emergence from entanglement | Hilbert (1915); Einstein (1915); Jacobson (1995) | Others' math |
| Equation term: cosmic baseline resistance -rho_Lambda | Dark energy baseline; cosmological constant problem | No named author for the value; Fardon, Nelson and Weiner (2004) for the neutrino link | Own idea built on others' math |
| Equation term: containment field P | Soliton-bag potential | Friedberg and Lee (1977) | Own idea built on others' math |
| Equation term: scale layer sigma, S = 1/2 ln(m1/m2) | Distance between scales | S is Matthew and Melissa's; log-scale running: Gell-Mann and Low (1954), Wilson (1971) | Own idea |
| Equation term: forces, -1/4 F^2 for U(1) x SU(2) x SU(3) | Gauge fields; division algebras | Yang and Mills (1954); Hurwitz (1898); Dixon (1994); Furey (2018) | Others' math |
| Equation term: matter, psi-bar i gamma D psi | Dirac equation | Dirac (1928) | Others' math |
| Equation term: mass couplings through the Higgs | Yukawa couplings; Higgs mechanism; lepton circulant | Yukawa (1935); Higgs, Englert, Brout, Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble (1964); Koide (1981); Brannen (2006) | Own idea built on others' math |